Can, could and (be) able to

A. Birşeyin mümkün olup olmadığını belirtmek ya da birisinin birşeyleri yapabilecek yeteneği olup olmadığını söylerken “can” kullanılır.

Can + infinitive (mastar):
  • We can see the lake from our bedroom window.

  • Can you speak any foreign languages?

  • I can come and see you tomorrow if you like.

Olumsuz yapısı: can’t ( = cannot) :

  • I'm afraid I can't come to the party on Friday.
B. (Be) able to ... yapısı “can” yerine kullanılabilir ama “can” daha çok tercih edilir:

  • Are you able to speak any foreign languages?
“Can” iki formda kullanılır: can (present) ve could (past). Bu nedenle “(be) able to” yapısının kullanılması gereken yerlerde vardır.

Örneğin:
  • I can't sleep.

But I haven't been able to sleep recently. (can has no present perfect).

“Can” present perfect tense ile birlik kullanılamaz. Dolayısıyla “(be) able to” kullanılmalı.

C. “Could” ve “was able to...

Bazen “could” “can” in geçmiş hali yerine kullanılır. Özellikle şu fillerle:

See, hear, smell, taste, feel, remember, understand

  • When we went into the house, we could smell burning.

“Could” aynı zamanda kişilerin genel yeteneklerinden ya da birşeyleri yapmaya izinleri olduğundan bahsederken kullanılır:

  • My grandfather could speak five languages.

  • We were completely free. We could do what we wanted. (= we were allowed to do...)

“couldn’t” (could not) bütün mümkün durumlarda kullanılır:

  • My grandfather couldn't swim.

  • We tried hard but we couldn't persuade them to come with us.

  • Alf played well but he couldn't beat Jack.



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